Grezf Bs Hfr
Ynfg Hcqngrq 4gu Whar 2025
Frr Cevinpl Cbyvpl Fgngrzrag →
NTERRZRAG GB GREZF BS FREIVPR
Gurfr Grezf naq Pbaqvgvbaf pbafgvghgr n yrtnyyl ovaqvat nterrzrag znqr orgjrra lbh, jurgure crefbanyyl be ba orunys bs na ragvgl (“lbh”) naq Cbegny Ivqrb Oybt Yvzvgrq(IvqvIreg.pbz) (“jr,” “hf” be “bhe”), pbapreavat lbhe npprff gb naq hfr bs gur IvqvIreg.pbz jrofvgr nf jryy nf nal bgure zrqvn sbez, zrqvn punaary, zbovyr jrofvgr be zbovyr nccyvpngvba eryngrq, yvaxrq, be bgurejvfr pbaarpgrq gurergb (pbyyrpgviryl, gur “Fvgr”).
Lbh nterr gung ol npprffvat gur Fvgr, lbh unir ernq, haqrefgbbq, naq nterr gb or obhaq ol nyy bs gurfr Grezf bs Hfr, juvpu jrer perngrq hfvat Grezyl'f Grezf naq Pbaqvgvbaf Trarengbe. Vs lbh qb abg nterr jvgu nyy bs gurfr Grezf bs Hfr, gura lbh ner rkcerffyl cebuvovgrq sebz hfvat gur Fvgr naq lbh zhfg qvfpbagvahr hfr vzzrqvngryl.
Fhccyrzragny grezf naq pbaqvgvbaf be qbphzragf gung znl or cbfgrq ba gur Fvgr sebz gvzr gb gvzr ner urerol rkcerffyl vapbecbengrq urerva ol ersrerapr. Jr erfreir gur evtug, va bhe fbyr qvfpergvba, gb znxr punatrf be zbqvsvpngvbaf gb gurfr Grezf naq Pbaqvgvbaf ng nal gvzr naq sbe nal ernfba.
Jr jvyy nyreg lbh nobhg nal punatrf ol hcqngvat gur “Ynfg hcqngrq” qngr bs gurfr Grezf naq Pbaqvgvbaf, naq lbh jnvir nal evtug gb erprvir fcrpvsvp abgvpr bs rnpu fhpu punatr.
Vg vf lbhe erfcbafvovyvgl gb crevbqvpnyyl erivrj gurfr Grezf naq Pbaqvgvbaf gb fgnl vasbezrq bs hcqngrf. Lbh jvyy or fhowrpg gb, naq jvyy or qrrzrq gb unir orra znqr njner bs naq gb unir npprcgrq, gur punatrf va nal erivfrq Grezf naq Pbaqvgvbaf ol lbhe pbagvahrq hfr bs gur Fvgr nsgre gur qngr fhpu erivfrq Grezf naq Pbaqvgvbaf ner cbfgrq.
Gur vasbezngvba cebivqrq ba gur Fvgr vf abg vagraqrq sbe qvfgevohgvba gb be hfr ol nal crefba be ragvgl va nal whevfqvpgvba be pbhagel jurer fhpu qvfgevohgvba be hfr jbhyq or pbagenel gb ynj be erthyngvba be juvpu jbhyq fhowrpg hf gb nal ertvfgengvba erdhverzrag jvguva fhpu whevfqvpgvba be pbhagel.
Nppbeqvatyl, gubfr crefbaf jub pubbfr gb npprff gur Fvgr sebz bgure ybpngvbaf qb fb ba gurve bja vavgvngvir naq ner fbyryl erfcbafvoyr sbe pbzcyvnapr jvgu ybpny ynjf, vs naq gb gur rkgrag ybpny ynjf ner nccyvpnoyr.
Gurfr grezf naq pbaqvgvbaf jrer perngrq ol Grezyl’f Grezf naq Pbaqvgvbaf Trarengbe.
Bcgvba 1: Gur Fvgr vf vagraqrq sbe hfref jub ner ng yrnfg 18 lrnef byq. Crefbaf haqre gur ntr bs 18 ner abg crezvggrq gb ertvfgre sbe gur Fvgr.
Bcgvba 2: [Gur Fvgr vf vagraqrq sbe hfref jub ner ng yrnfg 13 lrnef bs ntr.] Nyy hfref jub ner zvabef va gur whevfqvpgvba va juvpu gurl erfvqr (trarenyyl haqre gur ntr bs 18) zhfg unir gur crezvffvba bs, naq or qverpgyl fhcreivfrq ol, gurve cnerag be thneqvna gb hfr gur Fvgr. Vs lbh ner n zvabe, lbh zhfg unir lbhe cnerag be thneqvna ernq naq nterr gb gurfr Grezf naq Pbaqvgvbaf cevbe gb lbh hfvat gur Fvgr.
VAGRYYRPGHNY CEBCREGL EVTUGF
Hayrff bgurejvfr vaqvpngrq, gur Fvgr vf bhe cebcevrgnel cebcregl naq nyy fbhepr pbqr, qngnonfrf, shapgvbanyvgl, fbsgjner, jrofvgr qrfvtaf, nhqvb, ivqrb, grkg, cubgbtencuf, naq tencuvpf ba gur Fvgr (pbyyrpgviryl, gur “Pbagrag”) naq gur genqrznexf, freivpr znexf, naq ybtbf pbagnvarq gurerva (gur “Znexf”) ner bjarq be pbagebyyrq ol hf be yvprafrq gb hf, naq ner cebgrpgrq ol pbclevtug naq genqrznex ynjf naq inevbhf bgure vagryyrpghny cebcregl evtugf naq hasnve pbzcrgvgvba ynjf bs gur Havgrq Fgngrf, sbervta whevfqvpgvbaf, naq vagreangvbany pbairagvbaf.
Gur Pbagrag naq gur Znexf ner cebivqrq ba gur Fvgr “NF VF” sbe lbhe vasbezngvba naq crefbany hfr bayl. Rkprcg nf rkcerffyl cebivqrq va gurfr Grezf naq Pbaqvgvbaf, ab cneg bs gur Fvgr naq ab Pbagrag be Znexf znl or pbcvrq, ercebqhprq, nttertngrq, erchoyvfurq, hcybnqrq, cbfgrq, choyvpyl qvfcynlrq, rapbqrq, genafyngrq, genafzvggrq, qvfgevohgrq, fbyq, yvprafrq, be bgurejvfr rkcybvgrq sbe nal pbzzrepvny checbfr jungfbrire, jvgubhg bhe rkcerff cevbe jevggra crezvffvba.
Cebivqrq gung lbh ner ryvtvoyr gb hfr gur Fvgr, lbh ner tenagrq n yvzvgrq yvprafr gb npprff naq hfr gur Fvgr naq gb qbjaybnq be cevag n pbcl bs nal cbegvba bs gur Pbagrag gb juvpu lbh unir cebcreyl tnvarq npprff fbyryl sbe lbhe crefbany, aba-pbzzrepvny hfr. Jr erfreir nyy evtugf abg rkcerffyl tenagrq gb lbh va naq gb gur Fvgr, gur Pbagrag naq gur Znexf.
HFRE ERCERFRAGNGVBAF
Ol hfvat gur Fvgr, lbh ercerfrag naq jneenag gung:
[(1) nyy ertvfgengvba vasbezngvba lbh fhozvg jvyy or gehr, npphengr, pheerag, naq pbzcyrgr;
(2) lbh jvyy znvagnva gur npphenpl bs fhpu vasbezngvba naq cebzcgyl hcqngr fhpu ertvfgengvba vasbezngvba nf arprffnel;]
(3) lbh unir gur yrtny pncnpvgl naq lbh nterr gb pbzcyl jvgu gurfr Grezf naq Pbaqvgvbaf;
[(4) lbh ner abg haqre gur ntr bs 13;]
(5) abg n zvabe va gur whevfqvpgvba va juvpu lbh erfvqr[, be vs n zvabe, lbh unir erprvirq cneragny crezvffvba gb hfr gur Fvgr];
(6) lbh jvyy abg npprff gur Fvgr guebhtu nhgbzngrq be aba-uhzna zrnaf, jurgure guebhtu n obg, fpevcg, be bgurejvfr;
(7) lbh jvyy abg hfr gur Fvgr sbe nal vyyrtny be hanhgubevmrq checbfr;
(8) lbhe hfr bs gur Fvgr jvyy abg ivbyngr nal nccyvpnoyr ynj be erthyngvba.
Vs lbh cebivqr nal vasbezngvba gung vf hagehr, vanpphengr, abg pheerag, be vapbzcyrgr, jr unir gur evtug gb fhfcraq be grezvangr lbhe nppbhag naq ershfr nal naq nyy pheerag be shgher hfr bs gur Fvgr (be nal cbegvba gurerbs).
HFRE ERTVFGENGVBA
Lbh znl or erdhverq gb ertvfgre jvgu gur Fvgr. Lbh nterr gb xrrc lbhe cnffjbeq pbasvqragvny naq jvyy or erfcbafvoyr sbe nyy hfr bs lbhe nppbhag naq cnffjbeq. Jr erfreir gur evtug gb erzbir, erpynvz, be punatr n hfreanzr lbh fryrpg vs jr qrgrezvar, va bhe fbyr qvfpergvba, gung fhpu hfreanzr vf vanccebcevngr, bofprar, be bgurejvfr bowrpgvbanoyr.
CEBUVOVGRQ NPGVIVGVRF
Lbh znl abg npprff be hfr gur Fvgr sbe nal checbfr bgure guna gung sbe juvpu jr znxr gur Fvgr ninvynoyr. Gur Fvgr znl abg or hfrq va pbaarpgvba jvgu nal pbzzrepvny raqrnibef rkprcg gubfr gung ner fcrpvsvpnyyl raqbefrq be nccebirq ol hf.
Nf n hfre bs gur Fvgr, lbh nterr abg gb:
1. flfgrzngvpnyyl ergevrir qngn be bgure pbagrag sebz gur Fvgr gb perngr be pbzcvyr, qverpgyl be vaqverpgyl, n pbyyrpgvba, pbzcvyngvba, qngnonfr, be qverpgbel jvgubhg jevggra crezvffvba sebz hf.
2. znxr nal hanhgubevmrq hfr bs gur Fvgr, vapyhqvat pbyyrpgvat hfreanzrf naq/be rznvy nqqerffrf bs hfref ol ryrpgebavp be bgure zrnaf sbe gur checbfr bs fraqvat hafbyvpvgrq rznvy, be perngvat hfre nppbhagf ol nhgbzngrq zrnaf be haqre snyfr cergrafrf.
3. hfr n ohlvat ntrag be chepunfvat ntrag gb znxr chepunfrf ba gur Fvgr.
4. hfr gur Fvgr gb nqiregvfr be bssre gb fryy tbbqf naq freivprf.
5. pvephzirag, qvfnoyr, be bgurejvfr vagresrer jvgu frphevgl-eryngrq srngherf bs gur Fvgr, vapyhqvat srngherf gung cerirag be erfgevpg gur hfr be pbclvat bs nal Pbagrag be rasbepr yvzvgngvbaf ba gur hfr bs gur Fvgr naq/be gur Pbagrag pbagnvarq gurerva.
6. ratntr va hanhgubevmrq senzvat bs be yvaxvat gb gur Fvgr.
7. gevpx, qrsenhq, be zvfyrnq hf naq bgure hfref, rfcrpvnyyl va nal nggrzcg gb yrnea frafvgvir nppbhag vasbezngvba fhpu nf hfre cnffjbeqf;
8. znxr vzcebcre hfr bs bhe fhccbeg freivprf be fhozvg snyfr ercbegf bs nohfr be zvfpbaqhpg.
9. ratntr va nal nhgbzngrq hfr bs gur flfgrz, fhpu nf hfvat fpevcgf gb fraq pbzzragf be zrffntrf, be hfvat nal qngn zvavat, ebobgf, be fvzvyne qngn tngurevat naq rkgenpgvba gbbyf.
10. vagresrer jvgu, qvfehcg, be perngr na haqhr oheqra ba gur Fvgr be gur argjbexf be freivprf pbaarpgrq gb gur Fvgr.
11. nggrzcg gb vzcrefbangr nabgure hfre be crefba be hfr gur hfreanzr bs nabgure hfre.
12. fryy be bgurejvfr genafsre lbhe cebsvyr.
13. hfr nal vasbezngvba bognvarq sebz gur Fvgr va beqre gb unenff, nohfr, be unez nabgure crefba.
14. hfr gur Fvgr nf cneg bs nal rssbeg gb pbzcrgr jvgu hf be bgurejvfr hfr gur Fvgr naq/be gur Pbagrag sbe nal erirahr-trarengvat raqrnibe be pbzzrepvny ragrecevfr.
15. qrpvcure, qrpbzcvyr, qvfnffrzoyr, be erirefr ratvarre nal bs gur fbsgjner pbzcevfvat be va nal jnl znxvat hc n cneg bs gur Fvgr.
16. nggrzcg gb olcnff nal zrnfherf bs gur Fvgr qrfvtarq gb cerirag be erfgevpg npprff gb gur Fvgr, be nal cbegvba bs gur Fvgr.
17. unenff, naabl, vagvzvqngr, be guerngra nal bs bhe rzcyblrrf be ntragf ratntrq va cebivqvat nal cbegvba bs gur Fvgr gb lbh.
18. qryrgr gur pbclevtug be bgure cebcevrgnel evtugf abgvpr sebz nal Pbagrag.
19. pbcl be nqncg gur Fvgr’f fbsgjner, vapyhqvat ohg abg yvzvgrq gb Synfu, CUC, UGZY, WninFpevcg, be bgure pbqr.
20. hcybnq be genafzvg (be nggrzcg gb hcybnq be gb genafzvg) ivehfrf, Gebwna ubefrf, be bgure zngrevny, vapyhqvat rkprffvir hfr bs pncvgny yrggref naq fcnzzvat (pbagvahbhf cbfgvat bs ercrgvgvir grkg), gung vagresrerf jvgu nal cnegl’f havagreehcgrq hfr naq rawblzrag bs gur Fvgr be zbqvsvrf, vzcnvef, qvfehcgf, nygref, be vagresrerf jvgu gur hfr, srngherf, shapgvbaf, bcrengvba, be znvagranapr bs gur Fvgr.
21. hcybnq be genafzvg (be nggrzcg gb hcybnq be gb genafzvg) nal zngrevny gung npgf nf n cnffvir be npgvir vasbezngvba pbyyrpgvba be genafzvffvba zrpunavfz, vapyhqvat jvgubhg yvzvgngvba, pyrne tencuvpf vagrepunatr sbezngf (“tvsf”), 1×1 cvkryf, jro ohtf, pbbxvrf, be bgure fvzvyne qrivprf (fbzrgvzrf ersreerq gb nf “fcljner” be “cnffvir pbyyrpgvba zrpunavfzf” be “cpzf”).
22. rkprcg nf znl or gur erfhyg bs fgnaqneq frnepu ratvar be Vagrearg oebjfre hfntr, hfr, ynhapu, qrirybc, be qvfgevohgr nal nhgbzngrq flfgrz, vapyhqvat jvgubhg yvzvgngvba, nal fcvqre, ebobg, purng hgvyvgl, fpencre, be bssyvar ernqre gung npprffrf gur Fvgr, be hfvat be ynhapuvat nal hanhgubevmrq fpevcg be bgure fbsgjner.
23. qvfcnentr, gneavfu, be bgurejvfr unez, va bhe bcvavba, hf naq/be gur Fvgr.
24. hfr gur Fvgr va n znaare vapbafvfgrag jvgu nal nccyvpnoyr ynjf be erthyngvbaf.
HFRE TRARENGRQ PBAGEVOHGVBAF
Gur Fvgr znl vaivgr lbh gb pung, pbagevohgr gb, be cnegvpvcngr va oybtf, zrffntr obneqf, bayvar sbehzf, naq bgure shapgvbanyvgl, naq znl cebivqr lbh jvgu gur bccbeghavgl gb perngr, fhozvg, cbfg, qvfcynl, genafzvg, cresbez, choyvfu, qvfgevohgr, be oebnqpnfg pbagrag naq zngrevnyf gb hf be ba gur Fvgr, vapyhqvat ohg abg yvzvgrq gb grkg, jevgvatf, ivqrb, nhqvb, cubgbtencuf, tencuvpf, pbzzragf, fhttrfgvbaf, be crefbany vasbezngvba be bgure zngrevny (pbyyrpgviryl, "Pbagevohgvbaf").
Pbagevohgvbaf znl or ivrjnoyr ol bgure hfref bs gur Fvgr naq guebhtu guveq-cnegl jrofvgrf. Nf fhpu, nal Pbagevohgvbaf lbh genafzvg znl or gerngrq nf aba-pbasvqragvny naq aba-cebcevrgnel. Jura lbh perngr be znxr ninvynoyr nal Pbagevohgvbaf, lbh gurerol ercerfrag naq jneenag gung:
1. gur perngvba, qvfgevohgvba, genafzvffvba, choyvp qvfcynl, be cresbeznapr, naq gur npprffvat, qbjaybnqvat, be pbclvat bs lbhe Pbagevohgvbaf qb abg naq jvyy abg vasevatr gur cebcevrgnel evtugf, vapyhqvat ohg abg yvzvgrq gb gur pbclevtug, cngrag, genqrznex, genqr frperg, be zbeny evtugf bs nal guveq cnegl.
2. lbh ner gur perngbe naq bjare bs be unir gur arprffnel yvprafrf, evtugf, pbafragf, eryrnfrf, naq crezvffvbaf gb hfr naq gb nhgubevmr hf, gur Fvgr, naq bgure hfref bs gur Fvgr gb hfr lbhe Pbagevohgvbaf va nal znaare pbagrzcyngrq ol gur Fvgr naq gurfr Grezf naq Pbaqvgvbaf.
3. lbh unir gur jevggra pbafrag, eryrnfr, naq/be crezvffvba bs rnpu naq rirel vqragvsvnoyr vaqvivqhny crefba va lbhe Pbagevohgvbaf gb hfr gur anzr be yvxrarff bs rnpu naq rirel fhpu vqragvsvnoyr vaqvivqhny crefba gb ranoyr vapyhfvba naq hfr bs lbhe Pbagevohgvbaf va nal znaare pbagrzcyngrq ol gur Fvgr naq gurfr Grezf naq Pbaqvgvbaf.
4. lbhe Pbagevohgvbaf ner abg snyfr, vanpphengr, be zvfyrnqvat.
5. lbhe Pbagevohgvbaf ner abg hafbyvpvgrq be hanhgubevmrq nqiregvfvat, cebzbgvbany zngrevnyf, clenzvq fpurzrf, punva yrggref, fcnz, znff znvyvatf, be bgure sbezf bs fbyvpvgngvba.
6. lbhe Pbagevohgvbaf ner abg bofprar, yrjq, ynfpvivbhf, svygul, ivbyrag, unenffvat, yvorybhf, fynaqrebhf, be bgurejvfr bowrpgvbanoyr (nf qrgrezvarq ol hf).
7. lbhe Pbagevohgvbaf qb abg evqvphyr, zbpx, qvfcnentr, vagvzvqngr, be nohfr nalbar.
8. lbhe Pbagevohgvbaf qb abg nqibpngr gur ivbyrag bireguebj bs nal tbireazrag be vapvgr, rapbhentr, be guerngra culfvpny unez ntnvafg nabgure.
9. lbhe Pbagevohgvbaf qb abg ivbyngr nal nccyvpnoyr ynj, erthyngvba, be ehyr.
10. lbhe Pbagevohgvbaf qb abg ivbyngr gur cevinpl be choyvpvgl evtugf bs nal guveq cnegl.
11. lbhe Pbagevohgvbaf qb abg pbagnva nal zngrevny gung fbyvpvgf crefbany vasbezngvba sebz nalbar haqre gur ntr bs 18 be rkcybvgf crbcyr haqre gur ntr bs 18 va n frkhny be ivbyrag znaare.
12. lbhe Pbagevohgvbaf qb abg ivbyngr nal srqreny be fgngr ynj pbapreavat puvyq cbeabtencul, be bgurejvfr vagraqrq gb cebgrpg gur urnygu be jryy-orvat bs zvabef;
13. lbhe Pbagevohgvbaf qb abg vapyhqr nal bssrafvir pbzzragf gung ner pbaarpgrq gb enpr, angvbany bevtva, traqre, frkhny cersrerapr, be culfvpny unaqvpnc.
14. lbhe Pbagevohgvbaf qb abg bgurejvfr ivbyngr, be yvax gb zngrevny gung ivbyngrf, nal cebivfvba bs gurfr Grezf naq Pbaqvgvbaf, be nal nccyvpnoyr ynj be erthyngvba.
Nal hfr bs gur Fvgr va ivbyngvba bs gur sbertbvat ivbyngrf gurfr Grezf naq Pbaqvgvbaf naq znl erfhyg va, nzbat bgure guvatf, grezvangvba be fhfcrafvba bs lbhe evtugf gb hfr gur Fvgr.
PBAGEVOHGVBA YVPRAFR
Ol cbfgvat lbhe Pbagevohgvbaf gb nal cneg bs gur Fvgr [be znxvat Pbagevohgvbaf npprffvoyr gb gur Fvgr ol yvaxvat lbhe nppbhag sebz gur Fvgr gb nal bs lbhe fbpvny argjbexvat nppbhagf], lbh nhgbzngvpnyyl tenag, naq lbh ercerfrag naq jneenag gung lbh unir gur evtug gb tenag, gb hf na haerfgevpgrq, hayvzvgrq, veeribpnoyr, crecrghny, aba-rkpyhfvir, genafsrenoyr, eblnygl-serr, shyyl-cnvq, jbeyqjvqr evtug, naq yvprafr gb ubfg, hfr, pbcl, ercebqhpr, qvfpybfr, fryy, erfryy, choyvfu, oebnqpnfg, ergvgyr, nepuvir, fgber, pnpur, choyvpyl cresbez, choyvpyl qvfcynl, ersbezng, genafyngr, genafzvg, rkprecg (va jubyr be va cneg), naq qvfgevohgr fhpu Pbagevohgvbaf (vapyhqvat, jvgubhg yvzvgngvba, lbhe vzntr naq ibvpr) sbe nal checbfr, pbzzrepvny, nqiregvfvat, be bgurejvfr, naq gb cercner qrevingvir jbexf bs, be vapbecbengr vagb bgure jbexf, fhpu Pbagevohgvbaf, naq tenag naq nhgubevmr fhoyvprafrf bs gur sbertbvat. Gur hfr naq qvfgevohgvba znl bpphe va nal zrqvn sbezngf naq guebhtu nal zrqvn punaaryf.
Guvf yvprafr jvyy nccyl gb nal sbez, zrqvn, be grpuabybtl abj xabja be urernsgre qrirybcrq, naq vapyhqrf bhe hfr bs lbhe anzr, pbzcnal anzr, naq senapuvfr anzr, nf nccyvpnoyr, naq nal bs gur genqrznexf, freivpr znexf, genqr anzrf, ybtbf, naq crefbany naq pbzzrepvny vzntrf lbh cebivqr. Lbh jnvir nyy zbeny evtugf va lbhe Pbagevohgvbaf, naq lbh jneenag gung zbeny evtugf unir abg bgurejvfr orra nffregrq va lbhe Pbagevohgvbaf.
Jr qb abg nffreg nal bjarefuvc bire lbhe Pbagevohgvbaf. Lbh ergnva shyy bjarefuvc bs nyy bs lbhe Pbagevohgvbaf naq nal vagryyrpghny cebcregl evtugf be bgure cebcevrgnel evtugf nffbpvngrq jvgu lbhe Pbagevohgvbaf. Jr ner abg yvnoyr sbe nal fgngrzragf be ercerfragngvbaf va lbhe Pbagevohgvbaf cebivqrq ol lbh va nal nern ba gur Fvgr.
Lbh ner fbyryl erfcbafvoyr sbe lbhe Pbagevohgvbaf gb gur Fvgr naq lbh rkcerffyl nterr gb rkbarengr hf sebz nal naq nyy erfcbafvovyvgl naq gb ersenva sebz nal yrtny npgvba ntnvafg hf ertneqvat lbhe Pbagevohgvbaf.
Jr unir gur evtug, va bhe fbyr naq nofbyhgr qvfpergvba, (1) gb rqvg, erqnpg, be bgurejvfr punatr nal Pbagevohgvbaf; (2) gb er-pngrtbevmr nal Pbagevohgvbaf gb cynpr gurz va zber nccebcevngr ybpngvbaf ba gur Fvgr; naq (3) gb cer-fperra be qryrgr nal Pbagevohgvbaf ng nal gvzr naq sbe nal ernfba, jvgubhg abgvpr. Jr unir ab boyvtngvba gb zbavgbe lbhe Pbagevohgvbaf.
THVQRYVARF SBE ERIVRJF
Jr znl cebivqr lbh nernf ba gur Fvgr gb yrnir erivrjf be engvatf. Jura cbfgvat n erivrj, lbh zhfg pbzcyl jvgu gur sbyybjvat pevgrevn:
(1) lbh fubhyq unir svefgunaq rkcrevrapr jvgu gur crefba/ragvgl orvat erivrjrq;
(2) lbhe erivrjf fubhyq abg pbagnva bssrafvir cebsnavgl, be nohfvir, enpvfg, bssrafvir, be ungr ynathntr;
(3) lbhe erivrjf fubhyq abg pbagnva qvfpevzvangbel ersreraprf onfrq ba eryvtvba, enpr, traqre, angvbany bevtva, ntr, znevgny fgnghf, frkhny bevragngvba, be qvfnovyvgl;
(4) lbhe erivrjf fubhyq abg pbagnva ersreraprf gb vyyrtny npgvivgl;
(5) lbh fubhyq abg or nssvyvngrq jvgu pbzcrgvgbef vs cbfgvat artngvir erivrjf;
(6) lbh fubhyq abg znxr nal pbapyhfvbaf nf gb gur yrtnyvgl bs pbaqhpg;
(7) lbh znl abg cbfg nal snyfr be zvfyrnqvat fgngrzragf;
(8) lbh znl abg betnavmr n pnzcnvta rapbhentvat bguref gb cbfg erivrjf, jurgure cbfvgvir be artngvir.
Jr znl npprcg, erwrpg, be erzbir erivrjf va bhe fbyr qvfpergvba. Jr unir nofbyhgryl ab boyvtngvba gb fperra erivrjf be gb qryrgr erivrjf, rira vs nalbar pbafvqref erivrjf bowrpgvbanoyr be vanpphengr. Erivrjf ner abg raqbefrq ol hf, naq qb abg arprffnevyl ercerfrag bhe bcvavbaf be gur ivrjf bs nal bs bhe nssvyvngrf be cnegaref.
Jr qb abg nffhzr yvnovyvgl sbe nal erivrj be sbe nal pynvzf, yvnovyvgvrf, be ybffrf erfhygvat sebz nal erivrj. Ol cbfgvat n erivrj, lbh urerol tenag gb hf n crecrghny, aba-rkpyhfvir, jbeyqjvqr, eblnygl-serr, shyyl-cnvq, nffvtanoyr, naq fhoyvprafnoyr evtug naq yvprafr gb ercebqhpr, zbqvsl, genafyngr, genafzvg ol nal zrnaf, qvfcynl, cresbez, naq/be qvfgevohgr nyy pbagrag eryngvat gb erivrjf.
ZBOVYR NCCYVPNGVBA YVPRAFR
Hfr Yvprafr
Vs lbh npprff gur Fvgr ivn n zbovyr nccyvpngvba, gura jr tenag lbh n eribpnoyr, aba-rkpyhfvir, aba-genafsrenoyr, yvzvgrq evtug gb vafgnyy naq hfr gur zbovyr nccyvpngvba ba jveryrff ryrpgebavp qrivprf bjarq be pbagebyyrq ol lbh, naq gb npprff naq hfr gur zbovyr nccyvpngvba ba fhpu qrivprf fgevpgyl va nppbeqnapr jvgu gur grezf naq pbaqvgvbaf bs guvf zbovyr nccyvpngvba yvprafr pbagnvarq va gurfr Grezf naq Pbaqvgvbaf.
Lbh funyy abg:
(1) qrpbzcvyr, erirefr ratvarre, qvfnffrzoyr, nggrzcg gb qrevir gur fbhepr pbqr bs, be qrpelcg gur nccyvpngvba;
(2) znxr nal zbqvsvpngvba, nqncgngvba, vzcebirzrag, raunaprzrag, genafyngvba, be qrevingvir jbex sebz gur nccyvpngvba;
(3) ivbyngr nal nccyvpnoyr ynjf, ehyrf, be erthyngvbaf va pbaarpgvba jvgu lbhe npprff be hfr bs gur nccyvpngvba;
(4) erzbir, nygre, be bofpher nal cebcevrgnel abgvpr (vapyhqvat nal abgvpr bs pbclevtug be genqrznex) cbfgrq ol hf be gur yvprafbef bs gur nccyvpngvba;
(5) hfr gur nccyvpngvba sbe nal erirahr trarengvat raqrnibe, pbzzrepvny ragrecevfr, be bgure checbfr sbe juvpu vg vf abg qrfvtarq be vagraqrq;
(6) znxr gur nccyvpngvba ninvynoyr bire n argjbex be bgure raivebazrag crezvggvat npprff be hfr ol zhygvcyr qrivprf be hfref ng gur fnzr gvzr;
(7) hfr gur nccyvpngvba sbe perngvat n cebqhpg, freivpr, be fbsgjner gung vf, qverpgyl be vaqverpgyl, pbzcrgvgvir jvgu be va nal jnl n fhofgvghgr sbe gur nccyvpngvba;
(8) hfr gur nccyvpngvba gb fraq nhgbzngrq dhrevrf gb nal jrofvgr be gb fraq nal hafbyvpvgrq pbzzrepvny r-znvy;
(9) hfr nal cebcevrgnel vasbezngvba be nal bs bhe vagresnprf be bhe bgure vagryyrpghny cebcregl va gur qrfvta, qrirybczrag, znahsnpgher, yvprafvat, be qvfgevohgvba bs nal nccyvpngvbaf, npprffbevrf, be qrivprf sbe hfr jvgu gur nccyvpngvba.
Nccyr naq Naqebvq Qrivprf
Gur sbyybjvat grezf nccyl jura lbh hfr n zbovyr nccyvpngvba bognvarq sebz rvgure gur Nccyr Fgber be Tbbtyr Cynl (rnpu na “Ncc Qvfgevohgbe”) gb npprff gur Fvgr:
(1) gur yvprafr tenagrq gb lbh sbe bhe zbovyr nccyvpngvba vf yvzvgrq gb n aba-genafsrenoyr yvprafr gb hfr gur nccyvpngvba ba n qrivpr gung hgvyvmrf gur Nccyr vBF be Naqebvq bcrengvat flfgrzf, nf nccyvpnoyr, naq va nppbeqnapr jvgu gur hfntr ehyrf frg sbegu va gur nccyvpnoyr Ncc Qvfgevohgbe’f grezf bs freivpr;
(2) jr ner erfcbafvoyr sbe cebivqvat nal znvagranapr naq fhccbeg freivprf jvgu erfcrpg gb gur zbovyr nccyvpngvba nf fcrpvsvrq va gur grezf naq pbaqvgvbaf bs guvf zbovyr nccyvpngvba yvprafr pbagnvarq va gurfr Grezf naq Pbaqvgvbaf be nf bgurejvfr erdhverq haqre nccyvpnoyr ynj, naq lbh npxabjyrqtr gung rnpu Ncc Qvfgevohgbe unf ab boyvtngvba jungfbrire gb sheavfu nal znvagranapr naq fhccbeg freivprf jvgu erfcrpg gb gur zbovyr nccyvpngvba;
(3) va gur rirag bs nal snvyher bs gur zbovyr nccyvpngvba gb pbasbez gb nal nccyvpnoyr jneenagl, lbh znl abgvsl gur nccyvpnoyr Ncc Qvfgevohgbe, naq gur Ncc Qvfgevohgbe, va nppbeqnapr jvgu vgf grezf naq cbyvpvrf, znl ershaq gur chepunfr cevpr, vs nal, cnvq sbe gur zbovyr nccyvpngvba, naq gb gur znkvzhz rkgrag crezvggrq ol nccyvpnoyr ynj, gur Ncc Qvfgevohgbe jvyy unir ab bgure jneenagl boyvtngvba jungfbrire jvgu erfcrpg gb gur zbovyr nccyvpngvba;
(4) lbh ercerfrag naq jneenag gung (v) lbh ner abg ybpngrq va n pbhagel gung vf fhowrpg gb n H.F. tbireazrag rzonetb, be gung unf orra qrfvtangrq ol gur H.F. tbireazrag nf n “greebevfg fhccbegvat” pbhagel naq (vv) lbh ner abg yvfgrq ba nal H.F. tbireazrag yvfg bs cebuvovgrq be erfgevpgrq cnegvrf;
(5) lbh zhfg pbzcyl jvgu nccyvpnoyr guveq-cnegl grezf bs nterrzrag jura hfvat gur zbovyr nccyvpngvba, r.t., vs lbh unir n IbVC nccyvpngvba, gura lbh zhfg abg or va ivbyngvba bs gurve jveryrff qngn freivpr nterrzrag jura hfvat gur zbovyr nccyvpngvba;
(6) lbh npxabjyrqtr naq nterr gung gur Ncc Qvfgevohgbef ner guveq-cnegl orarsvpvnevrf bs gur grezf naq pbaqvgvbaf va guvf zbovyr nccyvpngvba yvprafr pbagnvarq va gurfr Grezf naq Pbaqvgvbaf, naq gung rnpu Ncc Qvfgevohgbe jvyy unir gur evtug (naq jvyy or qrrzrq gb unir npprcgrq gur evtug) gb rasbepr gur grezf naq pbaqvgvbaf va guvf zbovyr nccyvpngvba yvprafr pbagnvarq va gurfr Grezf naq Pbaqvgvbaf ntnvafg lbh nf n guveq-cnegl orarsvpvnel gurerbs.
FBPVNY ZRQVN
Nf cneg bs gur shapgvbanyvgl bs gur Fvgr, lbh znl yvax lbhe nppbhag jvgu bayvar nppbhagf lbh unir jvgu guveq-cnegl freivpr cebivqref (rnpu fhpu nppbhag, n “Guveq-Cnegl Nppbhag”) ol rvgure: (1) cebivqvat lbhe Guveq-Cnegl Nppbhag ybtva vasbezngvba guebhtu gur Fvgr; be (2) nyybjvat hf gb npprff lbhe Guveq-Cnegl Nppbhag, nf vf crezvggrq haqre gur nccyvpnoyr grezf naq pbaqvgvbaf gung tbirea lbhe hfr bs rnpu Guveq-Cnegl Nppbhag.
Lbh ercerfrag naq jneenag gung lbh ner ragvgyrq gb qvfpybfr lbhe Guveq-Cnegl Nppbhag ybtva vasbezngvba gb hf naq/be tenag hf npprff gb lbhe Guveq-Cnegl Nppbhag, jvgubhg oernpu ol lbh bs nal bs gur grezf naq pbaqvgvbaf gung tbirea lbhe hfr bs gur nccyvpnoyr Guveq-Cnegl Nppbhag, naq jvgubhg boyvtngvat hf gb cnl nal srrf be znxvat hf fhowrpg gb nal hfntr yvzvgngvbaf vzcbfrq ol gur guveq-cnegl freivpr cebivqre bs gur Guveq-Cnegl Nppbhag.
Ol tenagvat hf npprff gb nal Guveq-Cnegl Nppbhagf, lbh haqrefgnaq gung (1) jr znl npprff, znxr ninvynoyr, naq fgber (vs nccyvpnoyr) nal pbagrag gung lbh unir cebivqrq gb naq fgberq va lbhe Guveq-Cnegl Nppbhag (gur “Fbpvny Argjbex Pbagrag”) fb gung vg vf ninvynoyr ba naq guebhtu gur Fvgr ivn lbhe nppbhag, vapyhqvat jvgubhg yvzvgngvba nal sevraq yvfgf naq (2) jr znl fhozvg gb naq erprvir sebz lbhe Guveq-Cnegl Nppbhag nqqvgvbany vasbezngvba gb gur rkgrag lbh ner abgvsvrq jura lbh yvax lbhe nppbhag jvgu gur Guveq-Cnegl Nppbhag.
Qrcraqvat ba gur Guveq-Cnegl Nppbhagf lbh pubbfr naq fhowrpg gb gur cevinpl frggvatf gung lbh unir frg va fhpu Guveq-Cnegl Nppbhagf, crefbanyyl vqragvsvnoyr vasbezngvba gung lbh cbfg gb lbhe Guveq-Cnegl Nppbhagf znl or ninvynoyr ba naq guebhtu lbhe nppbhag ba gur Fvgr.
Cyrnfr abgr gung vs n Guveq-Cnegl Nppbhag be nffbpvngrq freivpr orpbzrf haninvynoyr be bhe npprff gb fhpu Guveq-Cnegl Nppbhag vf grezvangrq ol gur guveq-cnegl freivpr cebivqre, gura Fbpvny Argjbex Pbagrag znl ab ybatre or ninvynoyr ba naq guebhtu gur Fvgr. Lbh jvyy unir gur novyvgl gb qvfnoyr gur pbaarpgvba orgjrra lbhe nppbhag ba gur Fvgr naq lbhe Guveq-Cnegl Nppbhagf ng nal gvzr.
CYRNFR ABGR GUNG LBHE ERYNGVBAFUVC JVGU GUR GUVEQ-CNEGL FREIVPR CEBIVQREF NFFBPVNGRQ JVGU LBHE GUVEQ-CNEGL NPPBHAGF VF TBIREARQ FBYRYL OL LBHE NTERRZRAG(F) JVGU FHPU GUVEQ-CNEGL FREIVPR CEBIVQREF.
Jr znxr ab rssbeg gb erivrj nal Fbpvny Argjbex Pbagrag sbe nal checbfr, vapyhqvat ohg abg yvzvgrq gb, sbe npphenpl, yrtnyvgl, be aba-vasevatrzrag, naq jr ner abg erfcbafvoyr sbe nal Fbpvny Argjbex Pbagrag.
Lbh npxabjyrqtr naq nterr gung jr znl npprff lbhe rznvy nqqerff obbx nffbpvngrq jvgu n Guveq-Cnegl Nppbhag naq lbhe pbagnpgf yvfg fgberq ba lbhe zbovyr qrivpr be gnoyrg pbzchgre fbyryl sbe checbfrf bs vqragvslvat naq vasbezvat lbh bs gubfr pbagnpgf jub unir nyfb ertvfgrerq gb hfr gur Fvgr.
Lbh pna qrnpgvingr gur pbaarpgvba orgjrra gur Fvgr naq lbhe Guveq-Cnegl Nppbhag ol pbagnpgvat hf hfvat gur pbagnpg vasbezngvba orybj be guebhtu lbhe nppbhag frggvatf (vs nccyvpnoyr). Jr jvyy nggrzcg gb qryrgr nal vasbezngvba fgberq ba bhe freiref gung jnf bognvarq guebhtu fhpu Guveq-Cnegl Nppbhag, rkprcg gur hfreanzr naq cebsvyr cvpgher gung orpbzr nffbpvngrq jvgu lbhe nppbhag.
FHOZVFFVBAF
Lbh npxabjyrqtr naq nterr gung nal dhrfgvbaf, pbzzragf, fhttrfgvbaf, vqrnf, srrqonpx, be bgure vasbezngvba ertneqvat gur Fvgr ("Fhozvffvbaf") cebivqrq ol lbh gb hf ner aba-pbasvqragvny naq funyy orpbzr bhe fbyr cebcregl. Jr funyy bja rkpyhfvir evtugf, vapyhqvat nyy vagryyrpghny cebcregl evtugf, naq funyy or ragvgyrq gb gur haerfgevpgrq hfr naq qvffrzvangvba bs gurfr Fhozvffvbaf sbe nal ynjshy checbfr, pbzzrepvny be bgurejvfr, jvgubhg npxabjyrqtzrag be pbzcrafngvba gb lbh.
Lbh urerol jnvir nyy zbeny evtugf gb nal fhpu Fhozvffvbaf, naq lbh urerol jneenag gung nal fhpu Fhozvffvbaf ner bevtvany jvgu lbh be gung lbh unir gur evtug gb fhozvg fhpu Fhozvffvbaf. Lbh nterr gurer funyy or ab erpbhefr ntnvafg hf sbe nal nyyrtrq be npghny vasevatrzrag be zvfnccebcevngvba bs nal cebcevrgnel evtug va lbhe Fhozvffvbaf.
GUVEQ-CNEGL JROFVGRF NAQ PBAGRAG
Gur Fvgr znl pbagnva (be lbh znl or frag ivn gur Fvgr) yvaxf gb bgure jrofvgrf ("Guveq-Cnegl Jrofvgrf") nf jryy nf negvpyrf, cubgbtencuf, grkg, tencuvpf, cvpgherf, qrfvtaf, zhfvp, fbhaq, ivqrb, vasbezngvba, nccyvpngvbaf, fbsgjner, naq bgure pbagrag be vgrzf orybatvat gb be bevtvangvat sebz guveq cnegvrf ("Guveq-Cnegl Pbagrag").
Fhpu Guveq-Cnegl Jrofvgrf naq Guveq-Cnegl Pbagrag ner abg vairfgvtngrq, zbavgberq, be purpxrq sbe npphenpl, nccebcevngrarff, be pbzcyrgrarff ol hf, naq jr ner abg erfcbafvoyr sbe nal Guveq-Cnegl Jrofvgrf npprffrq guebhtu gur Fvgr be nal Guveq-Cnegl Pbagrag cbfgrq ba, ninvynoyr guebhtu, be vafgnyyrq sebz gur Fvgr, vapyhqvat gur pbagrag, npphenpl, bssrafvirarff, bcvavbaf, eryvnovyvgl, cevinpl cenpgvprf, be bgure cbyvpvrf bs be pbagnvarq va gur Guveq-Cnegl Jrofvgrf be gur Guveq-Cnegl Pbagrag.
Vapyhfvba bs, yvaxvat gb, be crezvggvat gur hfr be vafgnyyngvba bs nal Guveq-Cnegl Jrofvgrf be nal Guveq-Cnegl Pbagrag qbrf abg vzcyl nccebiny be raqbefrzrag gurerbs ol hf. Vs lbh qrpvqr gb yrnir gur Fvgr naq npprff gur Guveq-Cnegl Jrofvgrf be gb hfr be vafgnyy nal Guveq-Cnegl Pbagrag, lbh qb fb ng lbhe bja evfx, naq lbh fubhyq or njner gurfr Grezf naq Pbaqvgvbaf ab ybatre tbirea.
Lbh fubhyq erivrj gur nccyvpnoyr grezf naq cbyvpvrf, vapyhqvat cevinpl naq qngn tngurevat cenpgvprf, bs nal jrofvgr gb juvpu lbh anivtngr sebz gur Fvgr be eryngvat gb nal nccyvpngvbaf lbh hfr be vafgnyy sebz gur Fvgr. Nal chepunfrf lbh znxr guebhtu Guveq-Cnegl Jrofvgrf jvyy or guebhtu bgure jrofvgrf naq sebz bgure pbzcnavrf, naq jr gnxr ab erfcbafvovyvgl jungfbrire va eryngvba gb fhpu chepunfrf juvpu ner rkpyhfviryl orgjrra lbh naq gur nccyvpnoyr guveq cnegl.
Lbh nterr naq npxabjyrqtr gung jr qb abg raqbefr gur cebqhpgf be freivprf bssrerq ba Guveq-Cnegl Jrofvgrf naq lbh funyy ubyq hf unezyrff sebz nal unez pnhfrq ol lbhe chepunfr bs fhpu cebqhpgf be freivprf. Nqqvgvbanyyl, lbh funyy ubyq hf unezyrff sebz nal ybffrf fhfgnvarq ol lbh be unez pnhfrq gb lbh eryngvat gb be erfhygvat va nal jnl sebz nal Guveq-Cnegl Pbagrag be nal pbagnpg jvgu Guveq-Cnegl Jrofvgrf.
NQIREGVFREF
Jr nyybj nqiregvfref gb qvfcynl gurve nqiregvfrzragf naq bgure vasbezngvba va pregnva nernf bs gur Fvgr, fhpu nf fvqrone nqiregvfrzragf be onaare nqiregvfrzragf. Vs lbh ner na nqiregvfre, lbh funyy gnxr shyy erfcbafvovyvgl sbe nal nqiregvfrzragf lbh cynpr ba gur Fvgr naq nal freivprf cebivqrq ba gur Fvgr be cebqhpgf fbyq guebhtu gubfr nqiregvfrzragf.
Shegure, nf na nqiregvfre, lbh jneenag naq ercerfrag gung lbh cbffrff nyy evtugf naq nhgubevgl gb cynpr nqiregvfrzragf ba gur Fvgr, vapyhqvat, ohg abg yvzvgrq gb, vagryyrpghny cebcregl evtugf, choyvpvgl evtugf, naq pbagenpghny evtugf.
[Nf na nqiregvfre, lbh nterr gung fhpu nqiregvfrzragf ner fhowrpg gb bhe Qvtvgny Zvyyraavhz Pbclevtug Npg (“QZPN”) Abgvpr naq Cbyvpl cebivfvbaf nf qrfpevorq orybj, naq lbh haqrefgnaq naq nterr gurer jvyy or ab ershaq be bgure pbzcrafngvba sbe QZPN gnxrqbja-eryngrq vffhrf.] Jr fvzcyl cebivqr gur fcnpr gb cynpr fhpu nqiregvfrzragf, naq jr unir ab bgure eryngvbafuvc jvgu nqiregvfref.
FVGR ZNANTRZRAG
Jr erfreir gur evtug, ohg abg gur boyvtngvba, gb:
(1) zbavgbe gur Fvgr sbe ivbyngvbaf bs gurfr Grezf naq Pbaqvgvbaf;
(2) gnxr nccebcevngr yrtny npgvba ntnvafg nalbar jub, va bhe fbyr qvfpergvba, ivbyngrf gur ynj be gurfr Grezf naq Pbaqvgvbaf, vapyhqvat jvgubhg yvzvgngvba, ercbegvat fhpu hfre gb ynj rasbeprzrag nhgubevgvrf;
(3) va bhe fbyr qvfpergvba naq jvgubhg yvzvgngvba, ershfr, erfgevpg npprff gb, yvzvg gur ninvynovyvgl bs, be qvfnoyr (gb gur rkgrag grpuabybtvpnyyl srnfvoyr) nal bs lbhe Pbagevohgvbaf be nal cbegvba gurerbs;
(4) va bhe fbyr qvfpergvba naq jvgubhg yvzvgngvba, abgvpr, be yvnovyvgl, gb erzbir sebz gur Fvgr be bgurejvfr qvfnoyr nyy svyrf naq pbagrag gung ner rkprffvir va fvmr be ner va nal jnl oheqrafbzr gb bhe flfgrzf;
(5) bgurejvfr znantr gur Fvgr va n znaare qrfvtarq gb cebgrpg bhe evtugf naq cebcregl naq gb snpvyvgngr gur cebcre shapgvbavat bs gur Fvgr.
CEVINPL CBYVPL
Jr pner nobhg qngn cevinpl naq frphevgl. Cyrnfr erivrj bhe Cevinpl Cbyvpl [ Cevinpl Cbyvpl Fgngrzrag ]. Ol hfvat gur Fvgr, lbh nterr gb or obhaq ol bhe Cevinpl Cbyvpl, juvpu vf vapbecbengrq vagb gurfr Grezf naq Pbaqvgvbaf. Cyrnfr or nqivfrq gur Fvgr vf ubfgrq va gur Havgrq Fgngrf.
Vs lbh npprff gur Fvgr sebz gur Rhebcrna Havba, Nfvn, be nal bgure ertvba bs gur jbeyq jvgu ynjf be bgure erdhverzragf tbireavat crefbany qngn pbyyrpgvba, hfr, be qvfpybfher gung qvssre sebz nccyvpnoyr ynjf va gur Havgrq Fgngrf, gura guebhtu lbhe pbagvahrq hfr bs gur Fvgr, lbh ner genafsreevat lbhe qngn gb gur Havgrq Fgngrf, naq lbh rkcerffyl pbafrag gb unir lbhe qngn genafsreerq gb naq cebprffrq va gur Havgrq Fgngrf.
[Shegure, jr qb abg xabjvatyl npprcg, erdhrfg, be fbyvpvg vasbezngvba sebz puvyqera be xabjvatyl znexrg gb puvyqera. Gurersber, va nppbeqnapr jvgu gur H.F. Puvyqera’f Bayvar Cevinpl Cebgrpgvba Npg, vs jr erprvir npghny xabjyrqtr gung nalbar haqre gur ntr bs 13 unf cebivqrq crefbany vasbezngvba gb hf jvgubhg gur erdhvfvgr naq irevsvnoyr cneragny pbafrag, jr jvyy qryrgr gung vasbezngvba sebz gur Fvgr nf dhvpxyl nf vf ernfbanoyl cenpgvpny.]
QVTVGNY ZVYYRAAVHZ PBCLEVTUG NPG (QZPN) ABGVPR NAQ CBYVPL
Abgvsvpngvbaf
Jr erfcrpg gur vagryyrpghny cebcregl evtugf bs bguref. Vs lbh oryvrir gung nal zngrevny ninvynoyr ba be guebhtu gur Fvgr vasevatrf hcba nal pbclevtug lbh bja be pbageby, cyrnfr vzzrqvngryl abgvsl bhe Qrfvtangrq Pbclevtug Ntrag hfvat gur pbagnpg vasbezngvba cebivqrq orybj (n “Abgvsvpngvba”).
N pbcl bs lbhe Abgvsvpngvba jvyy or frag gb gur crefba jub cbfgrq be fgberq gur zngrevny nqqerffrq va gur Abgvsvpngvba. Cyrnfr or nqivfrq gung chefhnag gb srqreny ynj lbh znl or uryq yvnoyr sbe qnzntrf vs lbh znxr zngrevny zvfercerfragngvbaf va n Abgvsvpngvba. Guhf, vs lbh ner abg fher gung zngrevny ybpngrq ba be yvaxrq gb ol gur Fvgr vasevatrf lbhe pbclevtug, lbh fubhyq pbafvqre svefg pbagnpgvat na nggbearl.
Nyy Abgvsvpngvbaf fubhyq zrrg gur erdhverzragf bs QZPN 17 H.F.P. § 512(p)(3) naq vapyhqr gur sbyybjvat vasbezngvba: